Stringed Keyboard Instruments:

Their origins and development

Fretted German Clavichord,

18th century (close-up of action)

Fretted German Clavichord,

18th century

Unfretted Clavichord,

late 17th or 18th century

Italian Harpsichord,

made in 1643

Harpsichord Jack

Two-Manual Harpsichord

Pianoforte,

made by Bartolomeo Cristofori, Italy, in 1720

Grand Piano,

made by Johann Andreas Stein, Augsbury, Germany, 1773

Square Piano,

made by Johannes Zumpe, London, 1770

Pianoforte,

made by John Broadwood, London, 1789

Grand Piano,

made by Robert Stodart, London, 1790

Upright Grand pianoforte,

made by Willian Stodart, London, 1801

Piano,

made by John Isaac Hawkins, Philadelphia, Pa., 1801

Square Piano,

made by Alpheus Babcock at "William Swift's Piano Forte Manufactory," Philadelphia, ca. 1835

Upright Piano, Giraffen Flugel,

made by Andreas Stein, Vienna, Austria, ca. 1810

Double Escapement Mechanism